Which Syracuse streams have their own FEMA flood maps?
The City of Syracuse's floodplain page lists separate FEMA maps for Harbor Brook, Ley Creek, Meadowbrook, Onondaga Creek and Onondaga Lake. A property near one of these streams is governed by the map that covers its own location, not by the city as a whole.
The city's page is the best place to start, because it names the maps that the city uses. A map is a set of panels, and each panel covers a small area. Two properties on the same street can sit on different panels, so the check has to be made for the address and not for the street name.
The maps mark the Special Flood Hazard Area, the part of the floodplain with the highest chance of flooding in a given year. Being inside that area affects the rules for building and can affect the insurance a property needs. Being outside it does not mean a property is safe from water, since flooding can come from sources a map does not show.
Why do the smaller streams matter to a home?
Smaller streams can flood nearby homes through the same routes as larger ones, including the yard, the street and the drain. Their maps matter because they set the flood-zone status of the properties beside them.
A stream does not need to rise high to reach a basement. It only needs to rise enough to back water into a culvert, a storm drain or a low yard, where the water then finds the lowest opening in the house. The stream level at a gauge is less useful to a homeowner than the ground level of the yard and the entry points of the building.
The city's own material does not describe past flood events on these streams, so a homeowner should not assume a history of flooding or the lack of one. The honest question to ask is what the property's own map says and what the grade of its yard looks like.
What should a homeowner check on the property itself?
Check the grade of the yard, the entry points of the building, the position of the drains and the condition of the foundation wall. Each one shows the route that water could take into the house.
Walk the perimeter after a rain and note where the water runs and where it stands. Look for the lowest door, the window well, the bulkhead and any crawl space vent on the side nearest the stream. A water mark on the foundation shows where water has stood before.
Check the drains and the sump, if there is one. A drain that backs up during a storm shows that the street system is full at the time of the flood, which changes how the water enters the house. Note the times and the weather, because the insurer and the crew will ask about them.
- Lowest door, window well and bulkhead on the stream side
- Yard grade near the foundation, where water runs and pools
- Floor drain and any sump pit, and whether they back up in rain
- Foundation wall for stains, cracks and damp lines
- The FEMA panel number for the address
What does the drying look like in a stream-side home?
Drying in a stream-side home follows the readings, not the surface. The crew measures the floor, the wall base and the masonry, and it continues drying until the readings reach a dry level.
Masonry and concrete hold water longer than the finishes on them, so the readings are taken into the block or the slab as well as on the surface. A wall that looks dry can still be wet at the base for several days after the water has gone, and the crew returns to read it again.
Where a finished wall has taken water, a section is cut back to open the cavity. The cavity is dried with airflow and checked before the section is replaced, and the owner is told about any section that was opened so that the work is on record.
What should you tell the insurer about a stream flood?
Tell the insurer the source of the water, the time it was first seen and the entry point. Standard policies often exclude flood water, so the flood terms of the policy and any separate flood coverage decide the claim.
Most standard homeowner policies exclude flood water unless a flood policy or an endorsement is held. Read the policy before the claim and ask the insurer to confirm the flood terms in writing. A map panel and a clear record of the water line help show the source and the extent of the loss.
The New York State Department of Financial Services is the state regulator for insurers, and a homeowner with a dispute about the handling of a claim can raise it with that office. The crew's readings, invoices and photographs should be kept in one file for the insurer and any adjuster.